Emasu ekubheja ku-roulette · Kwenyuswa kwelinani ngemuva kwekulahlekelwa · emaminithi 8

Lisu le-Fibonacci ku-roulette

Eliswini le-Fibonacci ku-roulette, emanani labhejwako alandzela 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13… Ya embili ngesinyatselo sinye ngemuva kwekulahlekelwa, ubuye emuva ngetinyatselo letimbili ngemuva kwekuwina.

Imphendvulo lemfisha

Alilehluli lisondvo; kute luhlelo lwemanani labhejwako lolukwentako. Lumnene kune-Martingale, ngako luphila sikhatsi lesidze eluchungechungeni lwekulahlekelwa ngaphambi kwekushaya umkhawulo, futsi lubuyela kancane. Kulahlekelwa lokulindzelekile kungiko lokufanako ku-2.70% kwemali yonkhe lebhejiweimaliImali yonkhe lebhejiweLinani lonkhe lelibhejwe ngesikhatsi seseshini noma ngesikhatsi lesitsite, kubalwa nemali lewiniwe lephindze yabhejwa. Kuphindze kutsiwe: handle, action.Fundza konkhe →.

luchungechunge
1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21
ngemuva kwekulahlekelwa
+1 sinyatselo
ngemuva kwekuwina
−2 tinyatselo
umkhawulo wa-$500 kusukela ku-$10
ngemuva kwekulahlekelwa lokungu-~10

Indlela luchungechunge lwetinombolo lolwakhiwa ngayo

Inombolo ngayinye isibalo setimbili letingaphambi kwayo.

11235813

Ngako ngemuva kwa-8 na-13 kuta 21.

Dvweba inombolo ngayinye njengesikwele, futsi tikwele tihlangana kahle: lesisha ngasinye side njengaletimbili letingaphambi kwaso natibekwe eceleni kwato. Incenye yesine yendingilizi kusikwele ngasinye ihlangana ibe ngumugca lohambisa njengenyoka.

2×23×35×58×813×1321×21

Hamba neluchungechunge

Kulahlekelwa kuhambisa sinyatselo sinye ngesekudla. Kuwina kubuyisela emuva tinyatselo letimbili.

11235813213455Kulahlekelwa
lelibhejwako lelilandzelako1umphumela kute kube nyalo0kujikeleta0

Emanani labhejwako nemiphumela akumayunithi ekubheja lokusisekelo.

Luhlelo lwe-Fibonacci ku-roulette lusebenta kanjani?

Bhala tinombolo te-FibonaccilisuFibonacciKwenyuswa kwelinani lokulandzela lolandzelano 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13…: sinyatselo sinye phambili ngemuva kwekulahlekelwa, tinyatselo letimbili emuva ngemuva kwekuwina.Fundza konkhe →: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144. Ngayinye iyisambuko setimbili letiyandvulelako. Cala kuyekucala bese ubheja emayunithiimaliLiyunithiLinani lelibhejwako lelisisekelo luhlelo noma umdlali lasebenta ngalo. Kwenyuswa kwelinani kuchazwa ngemayunithi kute kusebente kunoma ngumuphi litafula.Fundza konkhe → langako. Nawulahlekelwa, uya ngesinyatselo sinye ngesekudla. Nawuwina, uya ngetinyatselo letimbili ngesencele, noma ubuyele ekucaleni nangabe kute indzawo. Ngiko konkhe loluhlelo. Lithebula likhombisa kutsi sinyatselo ngasinye sibita malini: luchungechunge lwekulahlekelwa lolunqanyulwa ngumkhawulo welitafulalitafulaUmkhawulo welitafulaLinani lelincane nalelikhulu kakhulu lekubheja lelivunyelwe. Umkhawulo lophakeme ngiwo lomisa kwenyuswa kwelinani lokuphindza kabili.Fundza konkhe → noma yimali yakho yekubhejaimaliImali yekubhejaImali yonkhe lebekelwe kudlala. Kuphatsa imali yekubheja kusho kunquma kutsi ungafaka engcupheni lengakanani kuko kubheja ngakunye nakuyo iseshini ngayinye.Fundza konkhe → lulahlekelwa sambuko sako konkhe lokubhejiwe kuze kube nyalo.

sinyatselolinani lelibhejwako (emayunithi)ingoti lehlanganisiwelohlantekile ngemuva kwekuwina
111+1
2120
3240
437−1
5512−2
6820−4
71333−7
82154−12
93488−20
1055143−33
1189232−54
12144376−88
Ingoti lehlanganisiwe yimali yonkhe lelahlekile nangabe kubheja ngakunye eluchungechungeni kulahlekelwa. Nga-$10 liyunithi, sinyatselo 11 kubheja kwa-$890 kantsi $2,320 sewulahlekelwe. Lohlantekile ngemuva kwekuwina ngumphumela weluchungechunge nangabe kubheja kwalesinyatselo kuwina ngemuva kwekutsi konkhe lokwandvulela kulahlekelwe: kuwina kunye kubuyisa kulahlekelwa lokubili lokwekugcina kuphela.

Imikhawulo yelitafula le-roulette

Iseshini ibukeka injani?

Tsatsa lisisekelo la-$10 nekujikeleta lokusiphohlongo: L L W L L L W W. Emanani labhejwako ahamba 10, 10, 20 (kuwina, emuva kabili, kuya esinyatselweni 1), 10, 10, 20, 30 (kuwina, emuva kabili, kuya esinyatselweni 2), 10 (kuwina, emuva ekucaleni). Lokulahlekile: 10 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 20 = 60. Lokuwiniwe: 20 + 30 + 10 = 60. Kulahlekelwa kasihlanu, kuwina katsatfu, futsi ulingene. Loko kukhanga kwaloluhlelo. Intsengo ikulowo mugca lofanako: kudzinge kubheja kwa-$120 kute ufike lapho, futsi lidola ngalinye lelibhejiwe litsatsa inzuzo yelikhasinotibaloInzuzo yelikhasinoIncenye yelinani ngalinye lelibhejiwe leligcinwa likhasino ngesilinganiso: 2.70% ku-roulette yaseYurophu.Fundza konkhe →.

Kungani kubuyela emuva kabili, hhayi kanye?

Ngobe kuwina kunye kukhokhela kulahlekelwa lokubili ncamashi. Inombolo ngayinye iyisambuko setimbili letiyandvulelako, ngako kuwina kwemayunithi la-5 kubuyisa la-2 nela-3 lalahlekile ngaphambilini. Cabanga ngetitebhisi: sinyatselo sinye etulu ngekulahlekelwa ngakunye, tinyatselo letimbili phansi ngekuwina ngakunye. Sinyatselo lomi kuso sikweleti sakho. Esinyatselweni 5 ungemuva ngemayunithi la-7, esinyatselweni 8 ungemuva nga-33, futsi nawubuyela esinyatselweni sekucala ulingene ncamashi. Inzuzo ivela kuphela ekuwineni esinyatselweni sekucala, liyunithi linye ngesikhatsi.

Nakuwina cishe kulingana nekulahlekelwa, tinyatselo letimbili ngesinye kuvakala njengesivumelwano lesihle, futsi tikhatsi letinyenti titebhisi tiyakubuyisela phansi. Inkinga ngukutsi tinyatselo tiba tinde njengoba ukhuphuka. Kuwina kwalishumi esinyatselweni sekucala kutfola emayunithi la-10. Kulahlekelwa kutsatfu etinyatselweni 6, 7 na-8 kubita 8 + 13 + 21 = 42.

Tiseshini letilishumi te-Fibonacci, $10 lisisekelo, $500 umkhawuloumphumela ngekucatsaniswa nesicalo
+$1,180$0−$500+$930−$2500125250375500kujikeletaumphumela
tiseshini letingu-1,000 × kujikeleta lokungu-500 · lokunsomi p10/p25/p75/p90, lokuluhlata lwesibhakabhaka lolukhanyako phakatsi, emasampula langu-82 lafiphele · hambisa etulu kweshadi kute ubone ema-quantile ekujikeleteni
  • p10 −$500
  • p25 −$500
  • phakatsi −$500
  • p75 +$250
  • p90 +$920
tiseshini letingu-1,000 × kujikeleta lokungu-500 · i-y-axis incunyelwe ku-percentile ye-1–99 (lokwecile −$500 kuya ku-+$1,400) · kujikeleta lokungu-500 · sisekelo $10 · lokulingana nemali
Kukhuphuka lokumnene kunaku-Martingale, kushelela lokudze nangabe luchungechunge lubaleka.

Ingabe luhlelo lwe-Fibonacci luyasebenta?

Cha. Hhayi njengendlela yekucedza usembili. Kubala kuyafana nakuto tonkhe tinhlelo: kubheja ngakunye kulahlekelwa ngu-1/37 welinani lelibhejiwe ngesilinganiso, ngako luchungechunge lonkhe lulahlekelwa ngu-1/37 wayo yonkhe imali lebhejiwe. Kusebentisa luchungechunge lwe-Fibonacci ku-roulette akukushintji loko, ngobe lisondvo likhokha ematfuba lafanako nobe lithokheniimaliLithokheniLuphawu lolumele linani lelingagucuki, lolubekwa kulithebula lekubheja kute ubheje. Lelinye ligama: check.Fundza konkhe → likhulu kangakanani. Emanani labhejwako e-Fibonacci ayenyuka kancane, ngako ibheja lokunyenti ngekujikeleta kunaloko kubheja ngelinani linyelisuKubheja ngelinani linyeKubheja linani lelifanako kuko konkhe kujikeleta. Lizinga lesisekelo lekucatsaniswa nalo konkhe kwenyuswa kwelinani.Fundza konkhe → lokukubhejako, futsi kulahlekelwa kwayo lokulindzelekiletibaloKulahlekelwa lokulindzelekileLinani lelilindzelekile liphindzaphindzwe ngemali yonkhe lebhejiwe; linani lesilinganiso lelilahlekako eseshinini noma esikhatsini lesitsite.Fundza konkhe → ngeseshini kukhulu. I-MartingalelisuMartingaleKwenyuswa kwelinani lokuphindza kubheja kabili ngemuva kwekulahlekelwa ngakunye. Buka sigaba semasu kute ubone kutsi kwentani nekutsi akwenti ini.Fundza konkhe → ibheja lokunyenti kakhulu, futsi ilahlekelwa kakhulu.

Lisu lekubheja ngelinani linye ku-roulette

Ingabe iphephile kune-Martingale?

Ihamba kancane, loku lokungafani nako. Emanani labhejwako e-Fibonacci akhula cishe nga-1.6× ngesinyatselo esikhundleni sa-2×, ngako umkhawulo wa-$500 ufinyelelwa ngemuva kwekulahlekelwa lokulandzelanako lokucishe kube lishumi kusukela elisisekelweni la-$10 esikhundleni sesitfupha. Loko kwenta liwa lingavami: kulahlekelwa lokulishumi kulandzelana ekubhejeni lokulingana nemali ngu-(19/37)¹⁰ ≈ 0.13%, kucatsaniswa ne-(19/37)⁶ ≈ 1.8% kwesitfupha. Kodvwa liwa futsi lide kakhulu, ngobe kubhejwe lokunyenti endleleni leya lapho, futsi kuwina kunye akukubuyiseli.

MartingaleFibonacci
kukhula kwelinani lelibhejwako ngekulahlekelwa×2×1.62
kulahlekelwa kuze kufike ku-$500 kusukela ku-$10610
p(kulahlekelwa lokunyenti kangaka kulandzelana)1.8%0.13%
konkhe lokulahlekile emkhawulweni$630$2,320 (tinyatselo 1–11)
kuwina lokudzingekako kute ubuye esinyatselweni 713

Tinombolo tivelaphi?

Embuzweni lomayelana nemanoni. Leonardo wasePisa, lobekwa ligama lekutsi Fibonacci kamuva, wawubeka encwadzini yakhe i-Liber Abaci yanga-1202: cala ngelipheya linye, uvumele lipheya ngalinye kutsi litale lipheya lelisha inyanga ngayinye kusukela enyangeni yalo yesibili, bese ubala emapheya. Imphendvulo ihamba 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13. Bekangasiye wekucala kutfola lomtsetfo. Tati taseNdiya temshikashika wetinkondlo betiwubhale ngaphambilini: Singh (1985) uwulandzelela emuva ku-Virahanka, emkhatsini wa-600 na-800, bese ku-Gopala na-Hemachandra.

Kute nalinye lakubo lebelicabanga ngelisondvo. Imitfombo lesetjentisiwe lapha ayisho kutsi ngubani lowacala kubheja imali ngaloluchungechunge. Loko lekukhombisako ngukutsi tibalo talo netibalo te-roulette atihlangani nanini: lolunye lusho kutsi emanani labhejwako akhula kanjani, lolunye lusho kutsi linani ngalinye lelibhejwako libuyisani.

Leonardo wasePisa ubala emapheya emanoni njengoba sibaya ngasinye sigcwala kakhulu.

Kulahleka malini ngemuva kweluchungechunge lwekulahlekelwa?

Kulingana lokubili kwenta lithebula lelingenhla libe lula kulihlola. Ngemuva kwekulahlekelwa lokungu-n kulandzelana, konkhe lokulahlekile kuyinombolo ye-Fibonacci yesi-(n + 2) kususwe 1, loku lokuniketa 1, 2, 4, 7, 12, 20 njalo njalo, futsi linani lelilandzelako lelibhejwako yinombolo ye-Fibonacci yesi-(n + 1). Bollman (2021) ufakazela umphumela lofanako nge-induction eluchungechungeni lolucala nga-1, 2, 3, loku lokususa inombolo ngayinye indzawo yinye. Emkhawulweni wemayunithi la-500 kusukela ekucaleni leliyunithi la-1, i-Martingale ayikhoni kubeka kubheja kwayo kwe-10, emayunithi la-512. I-Fibonacci ingabeka kubheja kwayo kwe-14, emayunithi la-377, kodvwa hhayi kwe-15, la-610.

MartingaleFibonacci
kubheja lokukhulu kakhulu ngaphansi kwa-500256 (kubheja kwesi-9)377 (kubheja kwe-14)
kulahlekelwa kulandzelana lokuyephulako914
emayunithi lalahlekile ngaleso sikhatsi511986
litfuba kulokubovu, kusukela ekujikeleteni lokutsite0.25%0.0089%
Kucala ngeliyunithi la-1, lokukhulu kakhulu emayunithi la-500, lisondvo laseYurophu.

Yini leshintjako elidazinini noma elikholamu?

ElidazininikubhejaLidazini1–12, 13–24 noma 25–36, kukhokha 2:1.Fundza konkhe → noma elikholamukubhejaLikholamuTinombolo letilishumi nakubili emgceni munye lome ngco kulithebula lekubheja, kukhokha 2:1.Fundza konkhe →, lelikhokha 2 ku-1, kubuyela emuva akudzingeki. Kuwina elinanini lelibhejwako F kukhokha 2F, lokuhlala kukhulu kunako konkhe lokulahleke ngaphambili, ngako kuwina ngakunye kucedza luchungechunge usembili. Intsengo ngukutsi lidazini liwina kuphela tikhatsi leti-12 kuleti-37, ngako luchungechunge lwekulahlekelwa lolude luvamile kakhulu: kulahlekelwa kwelidazini lokulishumi nakune kulandzelana kwenteka cishe kanye kumizamo lengu-242, kucatsaniswa nekanye ku-11,000 kulokubovukubhejaBovuKubheja lokulingana nemali etinombolweni letingu-18 letibovu. NgesiFulentji: rouge.Fundza konkhe →.

kubhejalokulahleke ngaphambililinani lelibhejwakolohlantekile ngemuva kwekuwina
101+2
211+1
322+2
443+2
575+3
6128+4
72013+6
83321+9
95434+14
108855+22

Kutsiwani nawuma kuphela ngemuva kwekuwina kabili kulandzelana?

Lenye indlela iya embili ngesinyatselo sinye ngemuva kwekujikeleta ngakunye, nobe uwina noma ulahlekelwa, bese ima kuphela ngemuva kwekuwina kabili kulandzelana. Nangabe kunekulahlekelwa lokungu-n ngaphambi kwekuwina lokubili, inzuzo iyinombolo ye-Fibonacci yesi-(n + 1) kwengetwe 1: lencane nangabe kuwina kufika ngekushesha, lenkhulu nangabe kufika sekwephuzile, futsi iwinwa ngemanani labhejwako lasakhule ngekufanako. Kuwina kabili kwekushesha kuhlala kufika ngemanani lamancane; kwekwephuta kungadzinga kubheja lokukhulu ngaso leso sikhatsi iseshini lebe yimbi kakhulu.

kulahlekelwa ngaphambi kwekuwina lokubililinani lelibhejwako ekuwineni kwekugcinainzuzo
01+2
12+2
23+3
35+4
48+6
513+9
621+14
734+22
Luchungechunge 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8… njengakulelikhasi.

Silingisi · Fibonacci

Tiseshini letingu-2,000 tekubheja lokulingana nemali, kucalwa ngemali yekubheja leyi-$1,000.

Kubheja lokusisekelo $10 · umkhawulo welitafula $500 · kujikeleta lokungu-100 ngeseshini

Kusabalala kwemiphumela yetiseshinikulahlekelwa ← | → inzuzo
−$1,000$0+$410
beka ligundvwane etulu kwebha · emabha labovu atiseshini letilahlekelwe, laluhlata letinenzuzo, libha lelikhanyako lihlanganisa $0
tiseshini letinenzuzo
73.6%
umphumela lophakatsi
+$150
umphumela wesilinganiso
−$70.64
letiphelelwe yimali
17.8%
i-percentile ye-5
−$1,000
kwehla kwemali lokukhulu lokuphakatsi
−$330

Luchungechunge lwekulahlekelwa luta kangakhi

Elisondvweni lelinelicandza linye, kubheja lokulingana nemali kulahlekelwa kujikeleta lokungu-19 kulokungu-37. Umugca ngamunye ulitfuba lekutsi kujikeleta lokulandzelanako kulahlekelwe konkhe, nekutsi umdlali we-Fibonacci, loya sinyatselo sinye embili eluchungechungeni ngemuva kwekulahlekelwa ngakunye, sewulahlekelwe malini ngaleso sikhatsi.

Kubheja lokusisekelo
kulahlekelwa kulandzelanalitfubacishe 1 kwa-lokulahlekile kute kube nyalokubheja lokulandzelako
151.4%2$1$1
226.4%4$2$2
313.5%7$4$3
47.0%14$7$5
53.6%28$12$8
61.8%55$20$13
70.94%106$33$21
80.48%207$54$34
90.25%403$88$55
100.13%784$143$89
110.065%1527$232$144
120.034%2974$376$233
130.017%5792$609$377
140.0089%11279$986$610
150.0046%21965$1,596$987

Litfuba ngu-19/37 lophindzaphindzwe ngalo kanye ngekulahlekelwa ngakunye, kubalwa kusukela ekujikeleteni lokutsite kunye. Iseshini lendze inekujikeleta lokunyenti lapho luchungechunge lolunjalo lungacala khona, ngako ebusuku bonkhe kungenteka kakhulu kunaloko lokukhonjiswa ngumugca munye.

Imibuto

Ingabe ikhona i-“Fibonacci leliphambene”?

Yebo: embili ngemuva kwekuwina, emuva ngemuva kwekulahlekelwa. Itiphatsa njenge-ParolilisuParoliKwenyuswa kwelinani ngemuva kwekuwina: phindza kabili ngemuva kwekuwina, buyela ekucaleni ngemuva kwekulahlekelwa noma ngemuva kwekuwina katsatfu kulandzelana. Kuphindze kutsiwe: i-Martingale lephambene.Fundza konkhe → lehamba kancane.

Bumnandi betibalo

Zama loku ngekwakho kucala. Sixazululo ngasinye sifihliwe; sivule nawukulungele.

  1. Dlala luhlobo loluhamba sinyatselo sinye eluhlwini ngemuva kwekujikeleta ngakunye, nobe uwina nobe ulahlekelwa, futsi luyema ngemuva kwekuwina kabili ngekulandzelana: emanani labhejwako 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8 njalo njalo. Imiphumela lelishumi nakune yekucala ngu-W L W L L L W L L L W L L W (W = kuwina, L = kulahlekelwa). Ume kuphi, futsi kubheja lokulandzelako kungumalini?

    Khombisa sixazululo

    Imphendvulo Usalahlekelwe emayunithiimaliLiyunithiLinani lelibhejwako lelisisekelo luhlelo noma umdlali lasebenta ngalo. Kwenyuswa kwelinani kuchazwa ngemayunithi kute kusebente kunoma ngumuphi litafula.Fundza konkhe → langu-22. Kubheja lokulandzelako kungemayunithi langu-610, futsi kuwina bekutawucedza iseshini usembili ngemayunithi langu-588.

    Emanani labhejwako tinombolo te-FibonaccilisuFibonacciKwenyuswa kwelinani lokulandzela lolandzelano 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13…: sinyatselo sinye phambili ngemuva kwekulahlekelwa, tinyatselo letimbili emuva ngemuva kwekuwina.Fundza konkhe → letilishumi nakune tekucala: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233 na-377. Hlanganisa kuwina bese ususa kulahlekelwa: +1 −1 +2 −3 −5 −8 +13 −21 −34 −55 +89 −144 −233 +377 = −22.

    Umphumela wekugcina bewukuwina, ngako kuwina kunye lokunye kuyakucedza. Linani lelibhejwako lelilandzelako ngu-610: kuwina kushiya +588, kulahlekelwa kushiya −632 nelinani lelibhejwako lelilandzelako la-987.

    Luhlobo luhlala luphela usembili, kodvwa lapha ludzinga kubheja kwemayunithi langu-610 kute kwenteke loko. Ngemitsetfo lejwayelekile, tinyatselo letimbili emuva ngemuva kwekuwina, imiphumela lefanako lelishumi nakune ikushiya ulahlekelwe liyunithi leli-1 nje nekubheja lokulandzelako la-2. Bollman (2021), locala luhlu nga-1, 2, 3, utfola kulahlekelwa ngu-1 nekubheja lokulandzelako la-3. Imitsetfo lejwayelekile ilahlekelwa kancane lapha ngobe kuwina ngakunye kwehlisela emanani labhejwako phansi.

    kujikeletalinani lelibhejwakoumphumelasibalo lesichubekako
    11W+1
    21L0
    32W+2
    43L−1
    55L−6
    68L−14
    713W−1
    821L−22
    934L−56
    1055L−111
    1189W−22
    12144L−166
    13233L−399
    14377W−22
  2. Kuloluhlobo lolufanako, kungani kulahlekelwa lokungu-n lokulandzelwa kuwina kabili kuhlala kushiya inzuzo yenombolo ye-Fibonacci yesi-(n + 1) kanye na-1?

    Khombisa sixazululo

    Imphendvulo Kulahlekelwa lokungu-n kuhlanganiswa kube yinombolo ye-Fibonacci yesi-(n + 2) kususwe 1, futsi kuwina kabili tinombolo letimbili letilandzelako, letindlula leso sibalo kanyekanye ngenombolo yesi-(n + 1) kanye na-1.

    Bhala F₁, F₂, F₃ … esikhundleni sa-1, 1, 2, 3, 5 … Inombolo ngayinye sibalo setimbili letiyandvulelako.

    Kulahlekelwa: F₁ + F₂ + … + Fₙ. Engeta 1 kulesibalo, lobhalwe njenga-F₂, bese siyafinyela: F₂ + F₁ = F₃, bese F₃ + F₂ = F₄, njalo njalo, kute sonkhe sibalo sibe ngu-Fₙ₊₂. Ngako kulahlekelwa kukonkhe kungu-Fₙ₊₂ − 1.

    Kuwina ngemanani lamabili labhejwako lalandzelako, Fₙ₊₁ na-Fₙ₊₂. Inzuzo: Fₙ₊₁ + Fₙ₊₂ − (Fₙ₊₂ − 1) = Fₙ₊₁ + 1. Ngekulahlekelwa lokune, loko kungu-F₅ + 1 = emayunithi la-6.

Lokuhlekisako

Silinganiso segolide sihlangana nesibonakaliso sekubheja lokukhulu kakhulu.

Silinganiso segolide sihlangana nesibonakaliso sekubheja lokukhulu kakhulu.

Imitfombo

  1. RouletteDoc. Kuchazwa kwelisu netibonelo. https://roulettedoc.com/strategy/fibonacci
  2. Roulette77. Kuchazwa kwelisu netibonelo. https://roulette77.us/strategies/fibonacci
  3. Ethier, S. N. The Doctrine of Chances: Probabilistic Aspects of Gambling. Springer, 2010. Sehluko 13, i-roulette.
  4. Epstein, R. A. The Theory of Gambling and Statistical Logic, 2nd ed. Academic Press, 2013.
  5. Bollman, M. Mathematics of the Big Four Casino Table Games: Blackjack, Baccarat, Craps, & Roulette. CRC Press, 2021. Sehluko 2, i-roulette.
  6. Sigler, L. E. Fibonacci’s Liber Abaci: A Translation into Modern English of Leonardo Pisano’s Book of Calculation. Springer, 2002. Sehluko 12, inkinga yemanoni.
  7. Singh, P. The so-called Fibonacci numbers in ancient and medieval India. Historia Mathematica 12 (3), 1985, pp. 229–244.
kubuyeketwe nga-2026-09-28imodeli: yaseYurophu, licandza linyeindlela yekusebenta ↗imitfombo ↗