Badlali be-roulette labadvumile

Joseph Jagger (1830–1892)

Usomabhizinisi wetindvwangu waseShelf, eduze kwaseBradford, lofemu yakhe yaseManchester yawa nga-1860. Cishe nga-1880 waya e-Monte Carlo, wenta kutsi emasondvo abhalwe, futsi wabheja etinombolweni lebetiphuma kakhulu. Umbiko wekucala, incwadzi yaVictor Bethell yanga-1901, utsi wawina £120,000, walahlekelwa ngu-£40,000 wayo futsi wahamba ane-£80,000, cishe tigidzi letimbili temafrank, nekutsi likhasino lacala ngekutfutsa emasondvo alo kusuka kulitafula linye kuya kulelinye ebusuku ngabunye bese liyalela lamasha lanetehlukaniso letinyakatako. Kute liphephandzaba lalesikhatsi lelabika ngekuwina, futsi emaphepha elikhasino alemnyaka akasekho. Umbhali wemlandvo wakhe Anne Fletcher (2018), lohlobene naye ngemndeni (umshana wakhe wesitukulwane sesitsatfu ngemuva), ubeka kuvakasha kwekucala nga-1880 noma nga-1881, hhayi nga-1873 noma nga-1875 njengoba kusho tindzaba tasendvulo. Tisebenti letisitfupha letacashwa tivela kuBethell; luhlu lwetinombolo letisishiyagalolunye nekuklwebha lokutsiwa wakusika kulisondvo kuvela kwekucala nga-1951, futsi kute lokukusekelako. Ngesikhatsi afa nga-1892 lifa lakhe belilincane. Likhasi laJoseph Jagger lihlola bufakazi.

Joseph Jagger: Lisu le-roulette eMonte Carlo

Charles Wells (1841–1922)

Umkhohlisi nemsunguli lowafika e-Monte Carlo nga-1891 aphetse imali lebeyicociwe ngekusungula lokungesilo liciniso futsi wephula libhange kanyenti ngemalanga lambalwa, awina cishe £40,000 ngeluchungechunge lolumangalisako. Watsi bekanaluhlelo lolungehluleki futsi akazange aluchaze. Waba ngu-“The Man Who Broke the Bank at Monte Carlo” engomeni yetindlu tekudlala, walahlekelwa yingcenye yemali ngalobo busika, futsi wachitsa sikhatsi lesinyenti sempilo yakhe lesele ejele ngenca yekukhohlisa. Noma ngabe luhlelo lwakhe belunjani, umphumela wakhe bekunhlanhla.

Indvodza leyephula libhange

Hibbs na-Walford (1947)

Nga-1947 bafundzi lababili be-University of Chicago, Albert Hibbs, lobekacedza ticu te-master etibalweni, na-Roy Walford, umfundzi wekwelapha, bachitsa liholide eReno babhala kujikeleta. Bebafuna emasondvo lapho letinye tinombolo betiphuma kanyenti kunaloko lokuvunyelwa ngu-1 ku-38, batfola lamanye, babheja kuto, base baya e-Las Vegas. Libhuku i-Life layixoxa lendzaba ngeNgongoni 1947 ngaphansi kwesihloko lesitsi “How to Win $6,500”; imibiko yakamuva, kufaka ekhatsi leyaHibbs ngekwakhe, inika emanani lamakhulu, futsi Thorp, abhala nga-1998, wayibeka nga-1949–50. Imali yakhokhela sikebhe lesinesayili lesingemafitsi langu-40 nemnyaka lengetulu eCaribbean. Hibbs waya ku-Jet Propulsion Laboratory, lapho aba liphimbo layo lelatiwa kakhulu emphakatsini, kantsi Walford waba ngumcwaningi wekuguga. Kuwina kwabo kungekwekucala kwaseMelika lokubhalwe kahle lokusuka ekuchemeni kwelisondvo, futsi yiko Thorp lebekacabanga ngako nga-1955 ngesikhatsi anca kutsi emasondvo lakhiwe kahle bekutawudzingeka ehlulwe nge-physics esikhundleni saloko.

Norman Leigh (1966)

Ehlobo langa-1966 Norman Leigh, umNgisi lowabhala kutsi babe wakhe wachitseka ku-roulette, watsatsa licembu lebantfu labalishumi nakubili waya e-Casino Municipal eNice. Ngekusho kwakhe badlala i-LabouchèrelisuLabouchèreLuhlelo lwekusula: bhala lilayini letinombolo, bheja sibalo setinombolo letimbili letisemaphetselweni, utisule ngemuva kwekuwina, wengete linani lolilahlekelwe ngemuva kwekulahlekelwa.Fundza konkhe → lephambene kuwo onkhe ematfuba lasitfupha lalinganako ematafuleni lamabili, bawina kakhulu ebusuku lobunyenti, futsi bamiswa ngesikhatsi likhasino livala ematafula futsi labavimbela emakhasino aseFulansi. Incwadzi yakhe, Thirteen Against the Bank (1976), nguyo yodvwa bufakazi lobuphelele, futsi emanani ayo angeke ahlolwe. Luhlelo alukhoni kuwachaza: i-Labouchère lephambene idla 1.35% we-imali yonkhe lebhejiweimaliImali yonkhe lebhejiweLinani lonkhe lelibhejwe ngesikhatsi seseshini noma ngesikhatsi lesitsite, kubalwa nemali lewiniwe lephindze yabhejwa. Kuphindze kutsiwe: handle, action.Fundza konkhe → ne-la partageumtsetfoLa partageUmtsetfo wesiFulentji: nangabe kuphuma licandza, sigamu selinani lelibhejiwe ekubhejeni lokulingana nemali siyabuyiswa. Kwehlisa inzuzo yelikhasino ngesigamu kulokubheja kuye ku-1.35%.Fundza konkhe → futsi iwina kuphela kuleseshini letsite lapho umugca ukhula kuze kufike emkhawulweni (buka i-Labouchère). Badlali labalishumi nakubili kulamatfuba lasitfupha ebusuku lobunyenti badlala tiseshini letinyenti, letimbalwa tato bekufanele tibe kuwina lokukhulu, futsi likhasino kuvala umdlalo kwavimbela inhlanhla kutsi ilingane.

Inganekwane: Lisu le-roulette leliwina njaloLisu le-Labouchère ku-roulette

Thorp na-Shannon (1961)

Edward Thorp, lowachubeka wehlula i-blackjack ngekubala emakhadi, na-Claude Shannon, umsunguli we-information theory, bakha ikhompyutha yekucala legcokwako: lithulusi lelilingana nelibhokisi lebugwayi lelibala sikhatsi se-libholatinsitaLibholaLibhola lelincane leliphoswa emzileni lihamba ngakulolunye luhlangotsi kune-rotor. Emabhola alamuhla ayi-ivorine noma i-Teflon, 18–21 mm.Fundza konkhe → ne-rotortinsitaI-rotorIngcenye yelisondvo lejikeletako lephetse imigodzi.Fundza konkhe → futsi lelitfumela umsindvo ku-earpiece lelisho ingcenye yesishiyagalombili yelisondvo. Belisebenta ngaphansi kwendlu yaShannon kulisondvo lelatsengwa futsi ngaletinye tikhatsi e-Las Vegas, lapho tintsambo betiphuka futsi i-earpiece beyibonakala. Bayekela ngenca yetizatfu tekwenta; Thorp wamemetela luhlelo nga-1966 futsi waluchaza ngalokuphelele nga-1979 nanga-1984 (buka i-Advantage Play).

Ema-Eudaemons (1976–1981)

Licembu lebafundzi be-physics labaphotfulile eSanta Cruz lakha emakhompyutha lamancane edijithali lekugcokwa elikhasino: umdlali munye abala sikhatsi selisondvo ngetinkinobho temtwane, ikhompyutha ibikezela sigabalisondvoSigabaIngcenye lelandzelanako yemigodzi elisondvweni, lehlukile kulicembu letinombolo elithebuleni lekubheja.Fundza konkhe →, futsi umdlali wesibili atfola kubikezela ngekudlidliteka bese uyabheja kuko. Nga-1977 nanga-1978 ikhompyutha beyibotjelwe ngaphansi kwengalo; luhlobo lwakamuva, lolwakhiwe esolweni lesicatfulo, laya e-Las Vegas ngeLweti 1981 futsi lwehlulwa ngumsindvo wagesi wemakhasino. Kuhlola kwabo kwetsembisa inzuzo yemdlali lengu-44%, futsi iseshini yabo yekucala lendze elitafuleni langempela yaniketa cishe 25%. Emathulusi akavamanga kusebenta sikhatsi lesidze: tintsambo letikhululekile, kushaywa ngugesi futsi kanye kusha ngenca yetintsambo letishise kakhulu kwacedza tiseshini letinyenti. Bawina tinkhulungwane letimbalwa temadola ngekubheja lokuncane kwema-dime nema-quarter, bachitsa cishe $15,000 futsi bashiya incwadzi lenhle. Likhasi lema-Eudaemons lixoxa lendzaba.

Ema-Eudaemons

Richard Jarecki (1931–2018)

Dokotela waseMelika lowatalelwa eJalimane, lowatsi kanye nemkakhe Carol nebasiti lababalwa, babhala emasondvo lanelinye licandzalisondvoLicandzaUmgodzi munye loluhlata longambonjwa kubheja lokulingana nemali, kwelidazini noma kwelikholamu; umtfombo wenzuzo yelikhasino. Kuphindze kutsiwe: licandza linye, 0.Fundza konkhe → emakhasino aseYurophu ngema-1960 nasekucaleni kwema-1970, ikakhulu eSanremo, futsi babheja etinombolweni lebetiphuma kakhulu. Ngekusho kwaCarol Jarecki lisondvo linye belingatsatsa kujikeleta lokungetulu kwa-10,000 futsi kuze kube yinyanga. Umbiko wekufa wanga-2018 utsi ngekwemibiko leminyenti wawina ngetulu kwa-$1.2 million; lelo nani alizange lihlolwe. Watjela batibiki betindzaba kutsi ikhompyutha ye-University of London beyiwucatululile umdlalo; umbiko wekufa wanga-2018 nembhali wemlandvo we-roulette Russell Barnhart bakuchaza loku njengesifihlo sekubuka nje. ISanremo yamcela kutsi angefiki ngeBhimbidvwane 1969, yamvimbela njengemgembuli lochwepheshile ngeNdlovana futsi yaphindze yamvumela ngemuva kwemalanga lambalwa, yatfutsa ematafula ayo, futsi ekugcineni yashintja emasondvo lacishe abe ngemadazini lamabili. Wabuyela eMelika nga-1973 noma nga-1974. Imibiko yangaleso sikhatsi inika imininingwane leminyenti.

Richard Jarecki: Luhlelo lwe-roulette

Gonzalo García-Pelayo (watalwa nga-1947)

Umkhicitisi wemculo nemcondzisi wemafilimu waseSpain lowatsi, kanye nebantfwana bakhe nebashana bakhe, babhala kujikeleta lokucishe kube ngu-5,000 kulisondvo ngalinye e-Casino Gran Madrid, ngaphandle kwelidolobha, kusukela ekupheleni kwa-1991, futsi babheja ku-imigodzitinsitaUmgodziLesinye setikhala letingu-37 letinetinombolo ku-rotor. Kuphindze kutsiwe: slot, cup.Fundza konkhe → lebeyiphuma kakhulu. Ngekwetibalo takhe umgodzi lomuhle kakhulu bewuwina kanye kukujikeleta lokungu-28 futsi inzuzo yemdlali beyicishe ibe ngu-6%; ubeka kuwina ku-200 kuya ku-250 million pesetas kuwo onkhe emakhasino lamanyenti. Likhasino lavimbela umndeni, hulumende wachita kuvinjelwa, futsi tikhalo telikhasino tehluleka, sekugcina sibe seNkantolo Lephakeme ngeNhlaba 2004. Inkantolo yatsi badlali basebentise buhlakani nekhompyutha kuphela, nekutsi imphendvulo lesemtsetfweni yelikhasino kutfutsa emasondvo alo, kushintja tingcenye tawo noma kuwakha kancono. Likhasi laGonzalo García-Pelayo likuxoxa konkhe.

Gonzalo García-Pelayo: Luhlelo lwe-rouletteI-roulette eYurophu

Labatsatfu base-Ritz (2004)

Badlali labatsatfu, emadvodza lamabili nemfati labavela eYugoslavia yakadzeni naseHungary, bawina cishe £1.3 million ngebusuku lobubili ngeNdlovulenkhulu 2004 e-Ritz Club eLondon, babheja sekwephuzile emaceleni lamancane etinombolo letingumakhelwane. Emaphephandzaba abika nge-laser scanner lefihlwe efonini; kute lithulusi lelinjalo lelake lavela. Babanjwa futsi bakhululwa, futsi ngeNgongoni 2004 emaphoyisa ayekela licala futsi abuyisa imali, ngobe umtsetfo wakadzeni lomelene nekukhohlisa bewungafiki kuloko lebebakwentile. Umbiko we-Bloomberg wanga-2023 ngemholi, umKhroshiya lowatiwa ngekutsi nguNiko Tosa, uchaza kubikezela ngemehlo kulisondvo lelitsambeke kancane, hhayi lithulusi. I-Gambling Act 2005 yashintja licala lakadzeni ngalelibanzi lekukhohlisa, lelasebenta kusukela nga-2007; noma ngabe lifaka ekhatsi kubikezela ngemehlo noma cha akukaze kuhlolwe enkantolo. Bekukuwina kwekugcina lokukhulu, lokwatiwa ngumphakatsi, ku-roulette ngekubikezela.

Loko badlali be-roulette labaphumelele labafana ngako

Wonkhe lowawina lobhalwe phansi noma walinganisa lisondvo (Jagger, Hibbs na-Walford, Jarecki, García-Pelayo) noma wabikezela libhola (Thorp, ema-Eudaemons, licembu lase-Ritz). Kute namunye wabo lowawina ngephethini yekubheja, futsi lowo munye umdlali weluhlelo lodvumile, Wells, wabuyisa ingcenye yako ngekuphela kwetinyanga futsi wagcina ejele. Yonkhe indlela labayisebentisa ekugcineni yavalwa ngemakhasino ashintja lisondvo, imitsetfo noma umtsetfo. Emakhasi eLilabhorethri achaza tindlela; lelikhasi lichaza kutsi kungani uve ngebantfu labambalwa kangaka.

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