François Blanc
Umcondzisi lowasusa licandza lelikabiliinhloboLicandza lelikabiliUmgodzi wa-00 welisondvo laseMelika. Kuba khona kwawo kukhulisa inzuzo yelikhasino kusuka ku-2.70% kuya ku-5.26%.Fundza konkhe →, futsi wakuvisisa kahle loko lebekutawukwenta.
François Blanc (1806–1877) wetfula lisondvo lelinelicandza linye e-Bad Homburg nga-1843 kute ehlise emanani kunemakhasino emanti lashisako lebekaphikisana nawo, wase wakha i-Monte Carlo ngalelo lisondvo lelifanako. “Sipho” kubadlali bekukwehlisa linani lokwatsenga ingcenye yemakethe.
Ngaphambi kweHomburg
François nelikhamba lakhe Louis bacala njengebacageli bemakethe eBordeaux ngema-1830, lapho batfolakala banelicala lekufumbatsisa tisebenti telucingo kute bati emanani ema-bond aseParis ngaphambi kwemakethe, sehlakalo sekucala sekusebentisa lwati lolusheshako kute utfole inzuzo. Ngemuva kwesigwebo lesifushane bangena ekucondziseni emakhasino, kucala eLuxembourg, base batsatsa imvume yelidolobha lelincane lemanti lashisako i-Bad Homburg nga-1841.
Licandza linye
IHomburg beyincintisana netindzawo temanti lashisako lebesetimile eBaden-Baden naseWiesbaden, lapho emasondvo ato abene-emacandzalisondvoLicandzaUmgodzi munye loluhlata longambonjwa kubheja lokulingana nemali, kwelidazini noma kwelikholamu; umtfombo wenzuzo yelikhasino. Kuphindze kutsiwe: licandza linye, 0.Fundza konkhe → lamabili. Bakwa-Blanc bakhangisa lisondvo lelinalinye. Inzuzo yelikhasinotibaloInzuzo yelikhasinoIncenye yelinani ngalinye lelibhejiwe leligcinwa likhasino ngesilinganiso: 2.70% ku-roulette yaseYurophu.Fundza konkhe → yehla kusuka ku-5.26% kuya ku-2.70%, futsi kukhangisa kwativelela: kulikhasino lilodvwa eYurophu lapho ematfuba emdlali abencono kabili. Badlali bafika, iHomburg yakhula, futsi labebaphikisana nabo bagcina sebalandzela. Bekungasiko kupha. Bekukwehlisa linani emakethe lapho umkhicito ubufana khona futsi linani bekuyiyo kuphela indlela yekuncintisana.
IMonaco
Ngesikhatsi iPrussia itsatsa iHesse-Homburg nga-1866 futsi kugembula kwaseJalimane kucedvwa kancane kancane (ematafula ekugcina avalwa nga-1872), Blanc bese avele atfutsile. Watsenga imvume yaseMonaco lebeyehluleka nga-1863, watfutsela imali kulojantji welitimela nasemahhotela, futsi wacondzisa likhasino njengendzawo yekuphumula esikhundleni sekuba likamelo lekugembula. Licandza linye leta naye futsi laba sijwayelo saseYurophu. Umndeni wakaBlanc wabamba ingcenye yemali lengenako yelikhasino laseMonaco tizukulwane; indvodzakati yakhe yendzela kubantfwana benkhosi baseRadziwiłł kantsi umzukulu wendzela kubaBonaparte.
Watalelwa eCourthézon, eVaucluse, nelikhamba lakhe Louis.
EBordeaux: kucagela emakethe, kufumbatsisa tisebenti telucingo, kwetfweswa licala.
Imvume yaseBad Homburg.
Lisondvo lelinelicandza linye letfulwa eHomburg.
Utsenga imvume yaseMonaco; usungula i-Société des Bains de Mer.
Lojantji welitimela loya e-Monte Carlo uyavulwa.
Emakhasino aseJalimane ayavalwa; i-Monte Carlo ngiwo kuphela umdlalo eYurophu.
Ufela eSwitzerland, angulomunye webantfu labacebe kakhulu eYurophu.
Loko lebekakuvisisa
Kutsi inzuzo yelikhasino linani, kutsi badlali bacatsanisa emanani noma bangakhoni kuwabala, nekutsi linani leliphansi lelinebunyenti lobukhulu liyalehlula linani leliphakeme lelinebunyenti lobuncane. Imali lengenako ye-Monte Carlo nga-2.70% beyinkhulu kakhulu kuneyeHomburg nga-5.26% ngobe bekunebadlali labanyenti, ematafula lamanyenti nekujikeleta lokunyenti. Tibalo te-kulahlekelwa lokulindzelekiletibaloKulahlekelwa lokulindzelekileLinani lelilindzelekile liphindzaphindzwe ngemali yonkhe lebhejiwe; linani lesilinganiso lelilahlekako eseshinini noma esikhatsini lesitsite.Fundza konkhe → (inzuzo yelikhasino × imali yonkhe lebhejiweimaliImali yonkhe lebhejiweLinani lonkhe lelibhejwe ngesikhatsi seseshini noma ngesikhatsi lesitsite, kubalwa nemali lewiniwe lephindze yabhejwa. Kuphindze kutsiwe: handle, action.Fundza konkhe →) betiyindlela yakhe yebhizinisi ngaphambi kwekutsi kube nemuntfu loyibhalela badlali.
Lifa
Onkhe emasondvo lanelicandza linye emhlabeni ngaBlanc. Kanjalo nelikhasino lesimanje lendzawo yekuphumula: umcondvo wekutsi likhasino lingcenye yinye yendzawo yekuvakasha lenemahhotela, indlu ye-opera kanye nesiteshi selitimela. Lisondvo laseMelika lagcina licandza lesibili ngobe kute Blanc lowafika kute ehlise emanani; lisondvo lelinelicandza lelikatsatfu langa-2016 linyatselo leliphambene, lelentiwa lapho badlali bebete i-Monte Carlo yekucatsanisa nayo.
Lisondvo nemitsetfo ye-roulette yaseMelikaI-roulette lenemacandza lamatsatfu
Imibuto
Walitfula futsi walenta latiwa. Emasondvo lanelicandza linye kungenteka kutsi bekazanywe ngaphambili; iHomburg yakwenta kwaba ngumgomo.
Kuphambene. Bunyenti bakhuphuka kakhulu kunekwehla kwenzuzo.
Sitsakatsaka lesanikwa ngumbhali wemaphephandzaba ngekuguculela lidolobha lelincane lemanti lashisako libe yinhloko-dolobha yekugembula yaseYurophu ngeminyaka lelishumi.
Lokuhlekisako
Kwehlisa linani, akusiso sipho. Bunyenti benta lokusele.
Imitfombo
- Schwartz, D. G. Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling.
- Kavanagh, T. M. Dice, Cards, Wheels: A Different History of French Culture.