Umlandvo we-roulette
Umlandvo we-roulette udlula esivivinyweni se-physics lesehluleka, ekamelweni lekugembula laseParis, kubafowabo lababili edolobheni lemanti lashisako laseJalimane, nakulikhasino lelenta umgodzi munye loluhlata waba lizinga laseYurophu.
Ngaphambi kwelisondvo
- 1654
Pascal na-Fermat: inkinga yemaphuzu; linani lelilindzelekile.
Linani lelilindzelekile ku-roulette - 1655Lisondvo lelingenayo inhloso
Blaise Pascal, afuna umshini lohamba ingunaphakadze, wakha lisondvo lelijikelekako lelilinganiswe kahle. Umshini uyehluleka; lisondvo lisala njengentfo lecishe ingenakuhwebeta, lekubonakala shengatsi itenteka ngenhlanhla.
Blaise Pascal: Inganekwane yelisondvo le-roulette - 1657
Huygens ushicilela incwadzi yekucala lecwaninga ngelinani lelilindzelekile.
- 1713
Jakob Bernoulli, Ars Conjectandi: umtsetfo wetinombolo letinkhulu.
Kuhlangana ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi: Umtsetfo wetinombolo letinkhulu ku-roulette - ema-1740Roly-poly ne-E.O.
Tindlu tekugembula taseNgilandi tijikeleta emasondvo lanetikhala letilinganako nengalingani. Lemidlalo ivinjelwa kaninyenti, loko lokuphushela tinhlobo tayo eYurophu.
Ngubani lowasungula i-roulette? Umsuka we-roulette - 1754
d’Alembert ushicilela liphutsa lelatsi kamuva laphatfwa ngeligama lakhe njengeluhlelo.
Lisu le-D'Alembert ku-roulette - 1758
INew France (iQuebec) ivimbela emadayisi, i-hoca, i-faro kanye ne-“roulette”: lelinye lemarekhodi lekucala ngaleligama njengemdlalo wekugembula.
- ema-1760
Ligama lelitsi “Martingale” lingena etichazamagameni tesiFulentjhi njengelulwimi lwemgwaco lwebagembuli.
Lisu le-Martingale ku-roulette
Umdlalo
- 1796Paris, Palais-Royal
Inoveli yaJaques Lablée lebitwa ngekutsi La Roulette ichaza lisondvo lelinemigodzi lemibili yelikhasino, 0 na-00, endlini yekugembula ePalais-Royal. Lena yinchazelo yekucala lephelele yemdlalo walamuhla.
I-roulette etincwadzini - ema-1800
Emasondvo aseMelika engeta umgodzi welukhozi: tinombolo letintsatfu telikhasino.
Lisondvo nemitsetfo ye-roulette yaseMelika - 1837
IFulansi ivimbela emakhasino; kudlala kutfutfela etindzaweni temanti lashisako taseJalimane.
- 1841
Bazalwane bakaBlanc batsatsa imvume yekucondzisa likhasino e-Bad Homburg.
François Blanc - 1843Bad Homburg
François naLouis Blanc bavula likhasino kulelidolobha lemanti lashisako laseJalimane bese basusa licandza lelikabili. Lisondvo lelinelicandza linye lehlisa inzuzo yelikhasino ngencenye futsi lidvonsa badlali emakhasino labancintisana nabo.
Bad Homburg nemakhasino etindzawo te-spa - 1863Monte Carlo
Njengobe kugembula sekuvinjelwe kulo lonkhe laseJalimane, Blanc utsatsa likhasino lelinebumatima eMonaco. I-Monte Carlo iba sibonelo se-roulette yaseYurophu; licandza linye liba lizinga layo.
I-roulette yaseMonte Carlo - 1866
Dostoevsky, The Gambler.
I-Roulettenburg ya-Dostoevsky - 1868
Umgwaco welitimela lusuka e-Nice luya e-Monte Carlo.
Casino de Monte-Carlo - 1869
IMonaco icedza intsela yemali lengenako.
- 1872
IPrussia ivala emakhasino aseJalimane.
Badlali netivivinyo
- ema-1870
Labouchère wenta luhlelo lwekucisha lwatiwe kakhulu eLondon.
Lisu le-Labouchère ku-roulette - cishe nga-1880Lisondvo laJagger
Joseph Jagger, usomabhizinisi wetindvwangu waseYorkshire, wenta kutsi kubhalwe imiphumela yemasondvo aseMonte Carlo bese ubheja tinombolo letiphuma kaninyenti kakhulu. Utfola imali leyinjinga; likhasino lishintja indzawo yemasondvo alo, bese liyawantjintja.
Joseph Jagger: Lisu le-roulette eMonte Carlo - 1891Indvodza leyephula libhange
Charles Wells uphelelisa emathokheni etafuleni kanyenti ngemalanga lambalwa, loko lokwakha ingoma ye-music hall. Luphenyo alutfoli luhlelo, kuphela inhlanhla futsi, ngemuva kwaloko, kukhohlisa kwenye indzawo.
Indvodza leyephula libhange - 1900
Pearson ushicilela kuhlolwa kwe-chi-square asebentisa idatha yekujikeleta yase-Monte Carlo.
Kuhlolwa kwe-chi-square - 1907
IFulansi iphindze ivumele emakhasino ngekwemtsetfo emadolobheni lanemanti lashisako nasogwini lwelwandle.
- 1913
Tinombolo letimnyama letingu-26 tilandzelana e-Monte Carlo.
Liphutsa lemgembuli - 1931
INevada yenta kugembula elikhasino kube ngekwemtsetfo.
Emasondvo e-roulette ase-Las Vegas - ema-1940
Ulam na-von Neumann banika indlela ye-Monte Carlo ligama layo.
- 1953
Fleming, Casino Royale: Bond ubheja kumadazini lamabili ku-roulette.
Lisu le-James Bond ku-roulette - 1961
Thorp na-Shannon bakha ikhompyutha yekucala ye-roulette legcokwako.
Emakhompyutha e-roulette - 1965
Dubins na-Savage bafakazela kutsi kudlala ngesibindi kuncono kakhulu emidlalweni lapho linani lelilindzelekile lemdlali lingaphansi kwelicandza.
- 1969
Lucwaningo lwaThorp luchaza kutsi kungani kute luhlelo lwekubheja loluhlula umdlalo lonelinani lelilindzelekile lelingaphansi kwelicandza.
Inganekwane: Lisu le-roulette leliwina njalo - 1977–81
Emakhompyutha lafihliwe ema-Eudaemons eNevada: ngaphansi kwengalo nga-1978, esicatfulweni nga-1981.
Ema-Eudaemons - 1985
INevada yenta emadivayisi ekubikezela abe licala. Bass ushicilela i-The Eudaemonic Pie.
Kukopela ku-roulette
Umdlalo walamuhla
- likhulu le-20Kusuka emadolobheni emanti lashisako kuya etikrinini
I-roulette iya eLas Vegas licandza lelikabili selibuyisiwe, bese iya ematafuleni e-RNG ku-inthanethi ngema-1990 nakumasondvo asesitudiyo lasakatwa bukhoma ngema-2000.
I-roulette yaseYurophu neyaseMelika - ema-1990
Umndeni wakaGarcía-Pelayo usebentisa emasondvo lachemile eduze kwaseMadrid; uyavinjelwa; tinkantolo tiyasichita sincumo sekuvinjelwa (2004).
Gonzalo García-Pelayo: Luhlelo lwe-roulette - 1996
Emakhasino ekucala e-inthanethi lane-roulette ye-RNG.
I-roulette lebukhoma ne-roulette ye-RNG - 2003–06
I-roulette lene-croupier lebukhoma isakatwa isuka etitudiyo; iRiga neMalta tiba tikhungo.
I-roulette lebukhoma isebenta njani - 2004
Lichembu lase-Ritz litfola £1.3m ngekubikezela libhola; i-laser lekwakubikwa ngayo ayitfolakali; kute licala.
Kudlala ngenzuzo ku-roulette - 2005
I-UK Gambling Act: luhlelo loluphelele lwemalayisensi ekugembula lokwentiwa khashane.
I-roulette e-UK - 2012
Small na-Tse bashicilela i-physics yekubikezela i-roulette.
I-physics yelisondvo le-roulette - 2013
INew Jersey yetfula emakhasino e-inthanethi lalawulwako.
I-roulette eMelika - 2016
I-roulette lenemacandza lamatsatfu e-Las Vegas Strip.
I-roulette lenemacandza lamatsatfu - 2018
Kuvinjelwa kwavelonkhe kwekubheja kwetemidlalo e-US kuyachitfwa; tifundza titishayela imitsetfo.
- 2021
IJalimane neNetherlands tinika emalayisensi emidlalo yelikhasino ye-inthanethi.
I-roulette eYurophu - 2026
Lelisayithi: lilanga ngalinye lelingenhla, kanye netibalo.
Umugca munye lobalulekile
Emakhulwini lamabili nesigamu eminyaka ematfuba e-roulette ashintja kanye kuphela azuzisa umdlali (1843, kwasuswa licandza linye) futsi kabili amelene naye (lukhozi ngema-1800, licandza lesitsatfu nga-2016). Konkhe lokunye, tinhlelo, emakhompyutha, titudiyo, tibane, kwashiya tibalo lapho Lablée atitfola khona: 36/n − 1 kulisondvo lelinalo umgodzi munye lowengetiwe ngetulu kwalelo nani.
Imibuto
LaPascal. Tivivinyo takhe ngemasondvo tiliciniso; kuchumana kwato ne-roulette kunkholelo yemasiko nje.
Ekhatsi kwelikhulu le-19; kulandzelana kwaseYurophu lokusetjentiswa lamuhla bekuvele kujwayelekile ngesikhatsi se-Monte Carlo.
Mhlawumbe lelimayelana nemitsetfo. Lisondvo seliphelele.
Lokuhlekisako
Emakhulu lamabili nesigamu eminyaka, kutfutfuka kunye, kuhlehla kubili, tindzaba letinyenti.
Imitfombo
- Schwartz, D. G. Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling.
- Kavanagh, T. M. Dice, Cards, Wheels: A Different History of French Culture.
- Bass, T. A. The Eudaemonic Pie.
- Thorp, E. O. “Optimal gambling systems for favorable games.”
- Chellel, K. “The Gambler Who Beat Roulette.”
- Shelley, R. Roulette Wheel Study.