Lokungetiwe · Luhlu lwekufundza · emaminithi 8

Tincwadzi nge-roulette: Luhlu lwekufundza

Tincwadzi nemaphepha nge-roulette lelisayithi lakhelwe kuto, letingemashumi lamabili nakubili, kusukela encwadzini ya-1657 ngekulindzela kuya encwadzini yesikolo ya-2025, ngamunye unemusho lochaza kutsi kungani ubalulekile.

Imphendvulo lemfisha

Tibalo (Huygens, Bernoulli, Halmos, Feller, Thorp, Epstein, Ethier, kanye netincwadzi tesikolo letisha taBollman, Taylor naHunacek), umlandvo (Lablée, Barnhart, Schwartz, Kavanagh, Marcus, Goldman), i-physics (Bass, Small & Tse) kanye nenoveli yinye lencono kunato tonkhe (Dostoevsky). Konkhe kulelisayithi kwakhelwe kulelishalofu.

lendzala kakhulu
Huygens, 1657
lensha kakhulu
Hunacek, 2025
incwadzi yinye lencono kakhulu
Ethier, 2010
inoveli lencono kakhulu
The Gambler, 1866

Tibalo

umsebentiumnyakakungani kufanele uwufundze
Huygens, De Ratiociniis in Ludo Aleae1657kuchazwa kwekucala lokushicilelwe kwekulindzela; lapho i-EV ivela khona
Bernoulli, Ars Conjectandi1713umtsetfo wetinombolo letinkhulu, tinhlelo letingawuvisisi
Halmos, “Invariants of certain stochastic transformations”1939bufakazi bekucala lobujwayelekile bekutsi kute luhlelo lwekubheja loluyishintja imiphumela lelindzelekile
Feller, An Introduction to Probability Theory, umculu 11968kuphelelwa yimali kwemgembuli, kuhamba lokungahlelekile, luchungechunge; lomtfombo lojwayelekile
Thorp, “Optimal gambling systems for favorable games”1969nini tinhlelo tekubheja tingasita (emdlalweni lonenzuzo kuphela) kanye nemibandzela lesemuva kwemphumela wekutsi kute luhlelo lolusebentako
Thorp, The Mathematics of Gambling1984ikhompyutha ye-roulette ichazwa ngumsunguli wayo, kanye netibalo tekutsi kufanele ubheje malini nangabe unenzuzo
Epstein, The Theory of Gambling and Statistical Logic2013 (luhlelo lwesi-2)yonkhe imidlalo yelikhasino ihlatiywe; i-roulette esimeni sayo
Ethier, The Doctrine of Chances2010kuchazwa kwetibalo te-roulette lokuphelele kakhulu lokushicilelwe
Bollman, Mathematics of the Big Four Casino Table Games2021kubheja lokungetiwe, emasondvo langajwayelekile kanye ne-roulette yemakhadi kulinganiswe libito ngalinye ngalinye, kanye nekuticeceshisa
Taylor, Games, Gambling, and Probability2021 (luhlelo lwesi-2)luchungechunge, kubheja nge-Kelly nekuphelelwa yimali kwemgembuli kuchazwe njengesifundvo
Bollman, Basic Gambling Mathematics2024 (luhlelo lwesi-2)emaphromoshini elikhasino nemali lebuyiselwako, nekutsi libhodi lemiphumela litikhokhela ngekushesha kangakanani elikhasino
Hunacek, Quantitative Literacy Through Games and Gambling2025sifundvo sekucala lesilula; hlola kutsi itsi konkhe kubheja kunelinani lelilindzelekile lelifanako, kantsi kubheja etinombolweni letisihlanu kuyakuphula loko

Umlandvo

umsebentiumnyakakungani kufanele uwufundze
Lablée, La Roulette, ou le Jour1801kuchazwa kwekucala lokuphelele kwemdlalo, encwadzini yenoveli
Barnhart, Beating the Wheel1992umlandvo wekudlala ngekuchema: Jagger, labo labandvulela bakaPelayo, tindlela
Schwartz, Roll the Bones2006umlandvo lojwayelekile wekugembula; indzawo ye-roulette kuwo
Kavanagh, Dice, Cards, Wheels2005emasiko ekugembula aseFulansi; i-Palais-Royal netindzawo temanti lashisako
Marcus, American Roulette2003i-past-posting ichazwa ngekhatsi ngumuntfu lowatiwa kakhulu lowayenta
Goldman, Great Gambling Scams2007Leigh eNice, Marcus ne-Ritz kuphindze kwalandzisa; kuyajabulisa, futsi kunemaphutsa etintfweni letimbalwa (buka Kukopela ku-roulette)

I-physics nekudlala ngenzuzo

umsebentiumnyakakungani kufanele uwufundze
Bass, The Eudaemonic Pie1985indzaba yekhompyutha lebesifihlwe esicatfulweni; incwadzi lentsandvwako lencono kakhulu nge-physics ye-roulette
Small & Tse, “Predicting the outcome of roulette”2012i-physics yekubikezela, ikalwe; loko inzuzo lekudzingako
Pearson, “On the criterion…”1900kuhlolwa kwe-chi-square, kukhonjiswe ngekujikeleta kwe-roulette

I-physics yelisondvo le-roulette

Inoveli

Dostoevsky, The Gambler (1866). Yabhalwa ngemalanga langu-26 kute kuhlangatsetwane nesikhatsi lesibekwe sivumelwano nemshicileli, ngumbhali lobekashone etikweletini ngenca ye-roulette; liphutsa lemgembuli, luhlelo, kuphoceleleka kanye nelikhasino lendzawo yemanti lashisako kuchazwa ngekhatsi. Imfisha kunanoma nguyiphi incwadzi ye-roulette lengenhla futsi ineliciniso lelengetulu kunaletinyenti.

Bad Homburg nemakhasino etindzawo te-spaI-Roulettenburg ya-Dostoevsky

Tincwadzi te-roulette letincono kakhulu enhlosweni ngayinye

Kutibalo, Ethier bese Feller. Kutindzaba, Barnhart naBass. Kutsi kungani bantfu badlala nobe kunjalo, Dostoevsky. Kubufakazi lobucedza yonkhe imphikiswano ngetinhlelo, Halmos, futsi kumphumela lofanako ngemagama lalula, incwadzi yaThorp ya-1984. Kuticeceshisa, Taylor noma Bollman. Libhokisi letimfombo esihlokweni ngasinye kulelisayithi licaphuna kulelishalofu.

Imibuto

Tikhona yini tincwadzi letinhle temasu e-roulette?

Kute lentsengisa luhlelo. Incwadzi yaThorp ya-1984 inesehluko lesifishane lesichaza kutsi kungani tehluleka; Epstein na-Ethier bachaza kuma kwalunye ngalunye.

Ngingamfundza kuphi Pearson noma Huygens?

Bobabili abasavikelwa ngemalungelo ekushicilela futsi batfolakala ku-inthanethi. Pearson ulukhuni; Huygens umfisha futsi uyafundzeka ngendlela lemangalisako nakuhunyushiwe.

Lokuhlekisako

Konkhe kulelisayithi kungumbhalo longetiwe kulelishalofu.

Konkhe kulelisayithi kungumbhalo longetiwe kulelishalofu.

Imitfombo

  1. Ethier, S. N. The Doctrine of Chances: Probabilistic Aspects of Gambling. Springer, 2010. Sehluko 13, i-roulette.
  2. Feller, W. An Introduction to Probability Theory and Its Applications, Vol. 1. Wiley, 3rd ed., 1968. Kuphelelwa yimali kwemgembuli, sehluko XIV.
  3. Halmos, P. R. “Invariants of certain stochastic transformations: the mathematical theory of gambling systems.” Duke Mathematical Journal 5(2), 1939.
  4. Thorp, E. O. “Optimal gambling systems for favorable games.” Review of the International Statistical Institute 37(3), 1969.
  5. Thorp, E. O. The Mathematics of Gambling. Gambling Times / Lyle Stuart, 1984.
  6. Bass, T. A. The Eudaemonic Pie. Houghton Mifflin, 1985.
  7. Barnhart, R. T. Beating the Wheel. Lyle Stuart, 1992.
  8. Bollman, M. Mathematics of the Big Four Casino Table Games: Blackjack, Baccarat, Craps, & Roulette. CRC Press, 2021. Sehluko 2, i-roulette.
  9. Bollman, M. Basic Gambling Mathematics: The Numbers Behind the Neon, 2nd ed. CRC Press, 2024.
  10. Taylor, D. G. Games, Gambling, and Probability: An Introduction to Mathematics, 2nd ed. CRC Press, 2021.
  11. Hunacek, M. Quantitative Literacy Through Games and Gambling. Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2025.
  12. Marcus, R. American Roulette: How I Turned the Odds Upside Down. St. Martin’s Press, 2003.
  13. Goldman, N. Great Gambling Scams. John Blake, 2007.
NgetfuImitfomboUmlandvo nemasikoI-roulette etincwadziniUmlandvo nemasikoUmlandvo wetinhlelo te-rouletteUmlandvo nemasikoEma-Eudaemons
kubuyeketwe nga-2026-09-28imodeli: yaseYurophu, licandza linyeindlela yekusebenta ↗imitfombo ↗